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Characterization of the cements / Monitoring of temperatures reached by the pile caps.

In this section is presented the experimental program this research, which describes all methods of instrumentation and monitoring the temperature of the pile caps, the characteristics of concrete and materials used in confection these and the equipments and experimental procedures used to perform the test Duggan. Still, in order to comply to the objectives proposed in this researc

h and feed all input data, required for risk classification and application in the LCPC preventive guide ^[7], is shown in Figure 1 a summary flowchart of the experimental sequence followed in this work.

3.1 Monitoring of temperatures reached by the pile caps.

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Category of the given structure and the structural part.

Table 1 Examples of structures or structural elements classified by category (adapted from LCPC

2.3.2 Exposure classes relative to DEF

The guide groups the structures, or parts thereof, in three categories that represent the acceptable level of risk related to DEF, as shown in Table 1. The choice of structural category is the responsibility of the designer and depends on the type of structure, its purpose, the consequences of changes in the desired level of security, and lastly, its future maintenance (LCPC.

Table 3 Choice of level of prevention (Adapted from LCPC [7])

Structure category | Exposure class of the structural part	XH1	XH2	XH3
Categoria I	As	As	As
Categoria II	As	Bs	Cs
Categoria

Depending on the degree of exposure of the structural element, the guide defines three exposure classes: XH1, XH2 and XH3 (LCPC [7]). These classes take into consideration the fact of that the presence of water or high humidity is an essential factor for the development of the delayed ettringite formation. Table 2 shows a number of examples of structural elements classified according with their exposure environments.

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Drilling Fluids And Their Functionalities During Drilling Process.

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Duggan Test

In General, the Duggan test method consists of the 20 day measurement of five 1 inch by 2 inch concrete cylinders, drilled and removed from larger concrete specimens. Before measurement, the cylinders are pretreated by subjecting them to three cycles of dry heat (172 degrees F) and soaking in distilled water (room temperature) over a ten day period. Over the next 20 days, the cylinders are measured (to 1/10,000 of an inch) for expansion.

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 Historical Overviews of cases and influential factors:

Just as we discussed in part 1 of this thesis that the phenomenon of the DEF, which is the primary focus of this study that had to deal with the delayed formation of the mineral called ettringite which generates expansions in the concrete, deteriorated concrete and consequently leading to cracking mapped on the concrete surface, a weak pile cap and a weak wall.

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Maintain well bore stability even under a forceful mud environment.

Chemical composition and mud properties must combine to provide a stable well bore. Weight of the mud must be within the necessary range to balance the mechanical forces.

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